Anti-CASP6 polyclonal antibody

Apostichopus japonicus is a species of sea cucumber that is extensively bred as a marine delicacy because of its high nutritive and medicinal value. Immunostimulants are usually used to enhance the immunity of sea cucumber against diseases, but the physiological function of immunostimulants is poorly understood. In this study, we fed A. japonicus individuals with a diet supplemented with different concentrations of tussah immunoreactive substances (TIS), and then subjected their intestines to iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. A total of 51 differentially expressed proteins were detected in response to TIS, 13 proteins were upregulated, while 38 proteins were reduced. These proteins are involved in phagocytosis, tissue protection, cell apoptosis and energy metabolism. Among these 51 proteins, 7 proteins (GLO2, ACOX, CTTN, MARK, FADD, CSTA and CASP6) related to immunity with functional annotation in sea cucumber were further analyzed. In addition, the upregulated expression of 4 immune-related proteins (GLO2, ACOX, CTTN and MARK) was validated by qRT-PCR. The findings of this study gave further insight into the mechanism by which TIS might enhance the immunity of A. japonicus.

The prediction of intrinsic disorder from amino acid sequence has been gaining increasing attention because these have come to be known as important regions for protein functions. The most common way of predicting disorder is based on binary classification with machine learning. Since amino acid composition has different propensities in the N-term, C-term, and internal regions, the accuracy of prediction increases by dividing training data into these three regions and predicting them separately. However, previous work has lacked discussion about a concrete definition of the N-term and C-term regions, and has only used the heuristic length from the terminal. Other previous work has shown that general physicochemical properties rather than specific amino acids are important factors contributing to disorder, and a reduced amino acid alphabet can maintain excellent precision in predicting disorder. In this paper, we redefine a suitable length and position for the N-term and C-term regions for predicting disorder. Moreover, we show that each region has different physicochemical properties, which are important factors contributing to disorder. We also suggest a region-specificreduced set of amino acid and modified PSSM based on that for predicting disorder. We implemented our method and (1) compare it with the conventional division method, (2) compare our feature selection with all physicochemical features, on casp6 benchmark, PDB dataset, and DisProt. The result supports that the method of new data separation is effective, and indicates each region has different physicochemical properties that are important factors for predicting protein disorders.