Anti-CCL2 monoclonal antibody [Biotin]

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) (1-300 Hz) have been found to have practical applications in biological research. A case in point is the effect of ELF-EMF on the regulation of cell fate. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ELF-EMF stimulation of PPAR gamma to the stemness, tumorigenicity, and invasiveness of breast cancer stem cellsin vitro.The CD44(+)/CD24(-) subpopulation of the breast CSCs was isolated from the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The CSCs were then exposed to ELF-EMF and further assays were carried out. ELF-EMF increased the expression of PPAR gamma and other critical proteins leading to cell cycle arrest and reduced stemness as evidenced by decreased expression of stemness genes and reduced proliferation rate in ELF-EMF-exposed CSCs compared to that in nonexposed CSCs. There was a decrease in the tumor-forming and invasion ability of CSCs that were exposed to ELF-EMFs.

The oogenesis and folliculogenesis are closely linked and occur simultaneously in the growing ovarian follicles. Biochemical and morphological changes in oocytes (OC) and surrounding granulosa cells (GCs) are highly complex and depend on many factors, including intercellular communication. GCs are cells with many functions, often crucial for the proper viability of the oocyte and subsequent positive fertilization. The purpose of this study was to analyze gene expression in porcine GCs, to define differentially expressed genes belongs to the "cell growth", "aging", "positive regulation of cell death", "apoptotic process", "regulation of cell death", "cell death" and "negative regulation of cell death" ontology groups during the short - term primary in vitro culture. Microarrays were employed to study the transcriptome contained in the total RNA of the cultured GCs. Ovaries were obtained after slaughter, from 40 gilts of swine aged 170 days. The cells were obtained through puncture of the ovaries, collection of follicular fluid, removal of the cumulus - oocyte complexes and centrifugation. The cells were then cultured in vitro. The RNA material was obtained before the culture was established (Oh) and then after 48h, 96h and 144h of its course. From 182 differently expressed genes belonging to the these ontology groups, we have selected POSTN, FN1, FMOD, ITGB3, DCN, SERPINB2, SFRP2, IGFBP5, EMP1, and CCL2 which were upregulated, as well as DAPLI, ESRI, IHH, TGFBR3, PPARD, PDK4, TXNIP, IFIT3, CSRNP3, and TNFSFIO genes whose expression was downregulated during the time of in vitro culture of the GCs. The significance of the differential gene expression is to provide new information on the molecular aspects of in vitro granulosa cell culture. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.