Anti-Human CASP6 (Cleaved-Asp179) polyclonal antibody

Simple Summary Salmonellosis is among the most common infectious poultry diseases that also represent a high risk to human health. The pathological process caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) triggers in the caecum the expression of certain genes, e.g., avian beta-defensins (gallinacins), cytokines (interleukins), etc. On the other hand, gut microbiota influences the infection potential of pathogens. The present study aimed at revealing the differential expression of genes associated with the immune system and changes in the bacterial communities in the intestine of growing chickens in response to SE infection. We also tested a feed additive, essential oils-based phytobiotic Intebio, as a potential alternative to antibiotics and showed effects of its administration on the caecal microbiome composition and the expression of some genes related to immunity. The phytobiotic showed its efficiency for application in poultry rearing and production. This study was performed to investigate the differential expression of eight immunity genes and the bacterial profiles in the caecum of growing chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) at 1 and 23 days post inoculation (dpi) in response to SE infection at 19 days of age and administration of the phytobiotic Intebio. Following infection, the genes CASP6 and IRF7 were upregulated by greater than twofold. Chicks fed Intebio showed at 1 dpi upregulation of AvBD10, IL6, IL8L2, CASP6 and IRF7. At 23 dpi, expression of AvBD11, IL6, IL8L2, CASP6 and IRF7 lowered in the experiment subgroups as compared with the control. Examination of the caecal contents at 1 dpi demonstrated a significant decrease in the microbial biodiversity in the infected subgroup fed normal diet. Bacterial content of Lactobacillus and Bacillus declined, while that of Enterobacteriaceae rose. In the infected subgroup fed Intebio, a pronounced change in composition of the microflora was not observed. In the early infection stages, the phytobiotic seemed to promote response to infection. Subsequently, an earlier suppression of the inflammatory reaction took place in chickens fed Intebio. Thus, use of Intebio as a drug with phytobiotic activity in chickens, including those infected with Salmonella, proved to be promising.

Current studies suggest that the cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase/CASP) family may be closely associated with apoptosis. Scientists have suggested that caspases may be a key to the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies. However, the prognostic value of CASP expression in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Using a Kaplan-Meier plotter online database, the predictive prognostic significance of the expression of 12 CASPs genes (CASP1, CASP2, CASP3, CASP4, CASP5, CASP6, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9, CASP10, CASP12 and CASP14) to overall survival (OS) in different clinicopathological features, including Lauren classification, pathological stages, therapies employed and differentiation in gastric cancer patients was explored. The present study revealed that higher CASP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mRNA expression was associated with better OS, whereas higher expression of CASP9, 10, 12 and 14 showed an unfavorable OS in all GC patients. Moreover, CASP1 to 8 were all associated with favorable OS in intestinal type and diffuse type classified by Lauren classification. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that the CASP family may function as new prognostic indicators in GC and may be helpful in making treatment decisions.